Introduction
Shipping is a global industry as most vessels are affected by legislation in many countries and abide international rules; in addition, owners can choose flag states and labour markets in which to recruit crews. Such interdependencies also make shipping a highly complex business. In the safety area, many stakeholders (e.g., crew, shipping companies, unions, industrial bodies, national and international regulators) constantly act and react to internal and external changes. Although safety is to a large extent regulated and procedures and guidelines for best practices are in place, severe accidents and incidents still frequently happen.1
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