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IntroductionOptical radiation is found ubiquitously. It is not solely emitted by natural sources, e. g. the sun, but also by many artificial sources or applications. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is vectored electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength…
IntroductionIonising radiation can be described as the transfer of energy in the form of particles (such as alpha and beta particles) or electromagnetic waves (such as X-rays and gamma rays) of a wavelength of 100 nanometres or less or a frequency of 3 x…
IntroductionThe term optical radiation is a term encompassing the infrared radiation, the light visible for man and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The natural source of optical radiation is the sun, but optical radiation can also be generated artificially[…
IntroductionOutdoor workers are exposed to natural UVR emitted by the sun. Since optical radiation is vectored, the irradiance of a worker is individual, even at identical activities at the same site. Depending on various parameters, exposure levels may…
IntroductionExposure to UVR can induce both acute and chronic adverse health effects. This concerns both outdoor workers exposed to solar UVR and indoor workers exposed to artificial sources of UVR. The occupational health risks from artificial UVR…