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IntroductionThe risk to human health posed by hazardous chemicals depends on the hazardous properties of the chemical and the likelihood of being exposed. Therefore, the most efficient way to reduce the risk is to eliminate the hazard or the exposure or…
IntroductionCancer remains a major cause of death in the European Union (EU). Yet, around 40% of cancer cases can be prevented through behavioural and structural changes. The 5th edition of European Code Against Cancer (ECAC5)[1] is…
IntroductionAir monitoring can be either periodic or continuous and is the quantitative or qualitative assessment of the extent of pollutants in or around the workplace. It is used to ensure compliance with appropriate legislation and to evaluate control…
IntroductionBiological monitoring (biomonitoring) in occupational safety and health is the detection of substances (biomarkers) in biological samples of workers, compared to reference values. This article is limited to chemical exposures. Biomonitoring…
Introduction REACH is one of the main acts of the European legislation on chemicals. Its aim is to improve the protection of human health and environment from the risks arising from the use of chemicals. REACH makes the industry responsible for…
IntroductionMany industrial processes release airborne contaminants into the workplace. The inadequate control of these can allow them to enter the breathing zone of workers’ resulting in inhalation exposure. One method of minimising exposure is to apply…
IntroductionPIMEX (Picture Mix Exposure) allows the flow of work to be filmed with a video camera and simultaneously exposure data to be recorded by means of sensors and transducers attached to the workers. The exposure data are added to the video by…
IntroductionThis article is an overview on the content, use and legal context of Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Safety Data Sheets are a key element for information on chemical substances and mixtures. They are especially relevant in the context of employers…
IntroductionToo often, measures to control workers’ exposure to dangerous substances are taken on an ‘ad-hoc’ basis. Existing processes, procedures and routines are taken for granted, and ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions are installed. In many cases, one relies…
IntroductionGases and vapours are commonly encountered in the workplace at normal atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure. They arise from very many industrial processes. Generally, vapours are produced through evaporation of volatile liquids. The…